1. What is NAD+?
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was discovered by Sir Arthur Harden in 1904, who was awarded the 1929 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this achievement. Since then, multiple Nobel laureates have emerged from NAD+ research. NAD+ plays an irreplaceable role in cellular energy metabolism, mitochondrial energy supply, DNA damage repair, longevity protein activation, and aging regulation—it is a key factor determining human aging.
2. What is NMN?
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is an endogenous substance naturally present in the human body. In 2013, the Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging at Harvard University confirmed that NMN has anti-aging effects. Numerous scientific research institutions and scientists have verified that NMN can be rapidly converted into NAD+ in the body, thereby achieving functions such as delaying aging, enhancing cellular vitality, and improving physical performance through NAD+.
3. Can NMN really resist aging?
Since NMN’s anti-aging function was discovered, research institutions and scientists from the University of Washington, Harvard University, Keio University, Hiroshima University, and other institutions have launched studies on NMN. Extensive scientific research and animal experiments have found that NMN can quickly convert to NAD+ and exert a series of anti-aging effects through NAD+. Relevant research results have been successively published in top academic journals such as Nature, Cell, and Science.
4. What is the difference between β-NMN and α-NMN?
NMN is divided into β-NMN and α-NMN. The only difference lies in the position of one chemical bond, leading to different spatial structures and ultimately different biological activities—β-NMN has biological activity, while α-NMN does not. In other words, only β-NMN is functionally effective. Regardless of the production process, each batch of NMN raw materials contains both β-NMN and α-NMN. Therefore, a high NMN dosage does not equate to quality; only high-purity β-NMN raw materials can deliver results.
5. Do NMN products claiming 99.9% purity on the market really exist?
NMN with 99.9% purity does exist, but not all products claiming high purity are genuinely pure. During NMN raw material production, substances with similar molecular formulas such as NR (nicotinamide riboside), NA (nicotinic acid), and NAM (nicotinamide) are also produced. Without effective screening, common chromatographic tests will count all these substances as NMN, creating a false impression of high purity. Thus, do not rely solely on claimed purity—verify with test reports from qualified independent third-party testing institutions.
6. Is more NMN dosage always better?
First, a high NMN dosage does not mean better quality. Scientific research confirms only β-NMN has biological activity. Adding inactive α-NMN or similar substances (NR, NA, NAM) makes high dosage meaningless.Second, NMN must convert to NAD+ to be effective. Even with high dosage, single-formula NMN products may fail to deliver results if conversion rate is low.Third, age-related NAD+ decline is mainly caused by increased CD38 expression. Merely supplementing NMN without slowing NAD+ loss will not yield optimal effects.Therefore, evaluate products based on raw materials, formula, technology, quality, and safety—dosage alone is not indicative.
7. Why is there a huge price gap between NMN products on the market?
NMN products range from over 20,000 yuan to less than 500 yuan. Choose rationally:
- High-priced products (over 20,000 yuan) typically use fermentation technology, which produces high-purity raw materials but has extremely high production costs.
- The more advanced bioenzymatic method reduces costs while ensuring purity, but high-quality NMN raw materials still require high technical thresholds (especially for expensive catalytic enzymes).
- Cheap products often use chemical synthesis, which has unguaranteed quality and safety. Beware of shoddy products at low prices.
8. What are the advantages of NMN enteric-coated technology?
NMN is acidic. Gastric-soluble preparations may cause gastrointestinal burden and reduced absorption due to interaction with gastric acid. Plant-based enteric coatings or capsules better deliver NMN to the small intestine for absorption and conversion, improving absorption efficiency and efficacy.
9. Do NMN products need to be refrigerated after opening?
No. Refrigerators have high humidity, which is unfavorable for storage. Store opened NMN in a cool, dry place and consume it within 2 months.
10. Is NMN safe to take?
NMN is an endogenous substance and is present in trace amounts in many foods. Additionally, multiple global clinical trials have confirmed its safety:
- A 2020 study in the Endocrine Journal showed single oral doses of 500mg NMN are safe, with effective metabolism and no harmful effects.
- A 2021 University of Washington study in Science found daily 250mg NMN (for 10 weeks) caused no adverse effects.
- A 2021 University of Tokyo clinical study showed daily 250mg NMN (for 12 weeks) was safe.
- China’s first 2021 clinical study confirmed daily doses of 300mg/600mg/1200mg NMN (for 6 weeks) had no adverse effects.
11. What is the safe dosage of NMN?
Based on clinical studies published in 2020–2021, long-term daily doses of 250mg, 300mg, 600mg, and 1200mg NMN are proven safe. Considering efficacy and cost-effectiveness, the recommended daily dosage is 250mg–600mg.Note: This refers to pure NMN content. Some products mix NMN with NA, NAM, or NR. High doses of NA and NAM may cause side effects—NA daily intake should not exceed 30mg to avoid skin redness, flushing, etc.
12. How to take NMN?
For NMN capsules containing 150–200mg per pill:
- 25–40 years old: Start with 1 pill daily.
- Over 40 years old: 2 pills daily.
- Over 60 years old: Up to 3 pills daily.
Recommended method: Take 1 pill on an empty stomach in the morning and 1 pill at noon (or afternoon) with warm water. Drink plenty of warm water to accelerate metabolism. People with low blood sugar or weak gastrointestinal function should take it after meals.
13. How long does it take to see effects? Is more always better?
Effects vary by individual:
- Healthy, energetic people may notice effects in 3–4 weeks.
- People with chronic diseases, weakness, or subhealth may experience obvious effects within 1 week.
Stick to the recommended dosage for optimal results. Dosage is not "the more the better"—start with a low dose and adjust gradually based on individual adaptability.
14. Why is NMN not recommended for evening use?
NMN increases NAD+ levels and mitochondrial ATP production, which may cause excessive energy. This can affect sleep, especially for people prone to evening excitement.
15. Are there side effects of long-term NMN use? Will it cause dependence?
NMN is endogenous and present in natural foods. Clinical studies in China, the US, Japan, and other countries confirm healthy people can take it long-term without side effects or physiological dependence (no addiction).
16. Will stopping NMN make physical condition worse?
Stopping NMN will cause its benefits to fade over time. You may feel a contrast during adaptation, but there will be no adverse effects on the body.
17. Can I take raw NMN directly?
Raw NMN is a white powder. Some merchants sell it as-is or in capsules, but this carries significant risks:
- Raw materials may use chemical synthesis (low cost but with harmful chemical residues), which fails safety tests. Other processes (fermentation, bioenzymatic) have high costs/technical thresholds—cheap raw materials are likely unsafe.
- Storage and packaging of raw materials may involve unregulated microbial contamination. Selling raw materials without food safety guarantees is illegal.
Do not risk health by taking uncertified raw materials.
18. Who should not take NMN?
- Minors under 18, pregnant and lactating women.
- Gout patients (may increase uric acid); people with high uric acid (use with caution).
- Tumor patients, multiple cyst patients, people with mental illnesses, allergic diseases, or other health conditions—consult a doctor first and follow medical advice.
19. Clinical studies found NMN changes gene expression—does this cause gene mutation?
Gene expression and gene mutation are completely different:
- Genes are like "life blueprints" stored in cells. Gene expression is the process of converting these "blueprints" into "products" (transcribing DNA into proteins or RNA), with no changes to the original "blueprints."
- Gene mutation refers to changes in the "blueprints" themselves.
A 2021 Science study found NMN altered the expression of 308 genes related to anti-aging growth factors—essentially "activating" genes that were underperforming.
20. Do NMN raw materials using 2018 Nobel Prize-winning directed evolution technology have award certification?
Information about the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (for directed evolution technology by Frances Arnold) is available on the Nobel Prize official website: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2018/summary/. It is also widely reported by Chinese media online.