Stem cell therapy is a medical approach that utilizes the unique capabilities of stem cells to repair, replace, or reconstruct damaged, diseased, or aged tissues. Stem cells have two key characteristics: the ability to self-renew (produce identical stem cells) and the ability to differentiate into various cell types. A sufficient quantity and quality of stem cells are injected or implanted into specific parts of the human body to promote the repair or regeneration of damaged tissues.
A 2023 scientific study published in Antioxidants showed that NMN has significant effects in promoting stem cell growth, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and preventing stem cell senescence.
The Sirtuins family is a highly conserved group of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases, named SIRT1 to SIRT7 collectively. They play indispensable roles in gene silencing, genomic stability, cell lifespan, and metabolic regulation. Also known as "longevity proteins," Sirtuins participate in a series of physiological and pathological processes in organisms, regulating the aging process by altering protein activity and stability.
Researchers from Jilin University demonstrated that NMN reduces stem cell senescence and restores mitochondrial function by increasing the activity of the longevity-related protein Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3).
1. NMN Promotes Mitochondrial Function and Reduces Stem Cell Senescence
Dysfunctional mitochondria hinder the production of ATP, the energy currency of our cells. Additionally, they increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—harmful compounds that cause oxidative stress. These consequences are known drivers of accelerated aging and have been shown to promote cellular senescence. Given this, researchers examined whether treating aged stem cells with NMN could improve mitochondrial function and limit the burden of senescent cells.
2. NMN’s Beneficial Effects Depend on Sirt3 Activation
Sirt3 is an important mitochondrial protein that helps regulate oxidative stress and plays a key role in ATP production. Considering Sirt3’s involvement in these critical processes, researchers tested whether NMN alters Sirt3 activity in aged stem cells. Results showed that Sirt3 activity was higher in aged stem cells treated with NMN, highlighting a potential link between Sirt3 activation and the mitochondrial benefits observed after NMN treatment. Overall, these findings underscore a potential mechanism connecting Sirt3 activation, healthy mitochondria, and reduced senescence in aged stem cells.
3. Sirtuins Activation and Longevity
Sirtuins require NAD+ for activation. Therefore, NAD+ precursors like NMN are prime candidates for triggering the health-promoting effects of Sirtuins. In this study, NMN’s ability to enhance mitochondrial function and reduce stem cell senescence through Sirt3 regulation suggests that NAD+ precursors can restore the therapeutic potential of stem cells and delay aging characteristics by activating Sirtuins.